Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists in Treating Substance Use Disorders

Session Description: Substance use disorders, including drug, alcohol, and tobacco dependence, are a major global health burden, affecting millions worldwide. Despite extensive research, current treatment options remain limited, and relapse rates are high.
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), a hormone released in the small intestine, plays a crucial role in blood glucose regulation, slows gastric emptying, and reduces appetite. GLP-1 receptor agonists, widely used for treating Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, have recently gained attention for their potential in addiction treatment. Preclinical studies in rodents and non-human primates suggest that these agonists can reduce the consumption of alcohol and other substances of abuse.
Early clinical trials are now exploring whether these preclinical findings translate to human patients. While the precise mechanisms remain unclear, evidence suggests that GLP-1 receptor activation may influence dopamine signaling in the brain, which is critical in addiction and reward pathways. This session provides an overview of current findings and discusses the possible mechanisms of GLP-1’s action in substance use disorders.