Difficult-to-Treat Depression: What Experts Do Differently

Many patients labeled with difficult to treat depression have not had adequate trials or a complete diagnostic workup, and escalating too soon can mean missed diagnoses and avoidable risk. This session offers a defensible definition, a structured review of diagnosis, adherence, dose adequacy, comorbidity, and missed bipolarity, and an overview of the mechanisms behind ketamine, adjunctive antipsychotics, TMS, and VNS. Attendees will leave able to document prior trials clearly and compare approved pharmacologic and neuromodulation options to build an escalation sequence for an individual patient.