This session, led by Dr. Michal Bar-Natan, explores evolving strategies in the management of Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) in 2026, with a focus on optimizing tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) selection and sequencing. Recent data highlighting the efficacy of next-generation TKIs, including ponatinib and asciminib, in both frontline and relapsed settings will be discussed. The session will also examine emerging combination approaches integrating TKIs with blinatumomab and other immunotherapies to deepen molecular responses and potentially minimize chemotherapy exposure. Additionally, new evidence challenging the routine use of allogeneic stem cell transplant in first remission—particularly in patients achieving sustained MRD negativity—will be reviewed. Practical considerations for tailoring therapy based on mutation profile, tolerability, and long-term outcomes will be emphasized.

Measurable residual disease (MRD) has evolved from a prognostic marker to a pivotal tool for personalizing therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in adults. This session will review emerging evidence regarding different methods for assessing MRD (flow cytometry versus next-generation sequencing) and most informative prognostic time points in different treatment contexts. Beyond measurement and prognosis, this talk will review how MRD should influence treatment selection, including transplant decisions. Recent data from major meetings and publications regarding the role of MRD in adult ALL across the age spectrum and in both Philadelphia-positive and Philadelphia-negative disease will reviewed. Overall this talk will review when, how, and why to measure and respond to MRD in B-ALL. .

Supported by educational grants from AstraZeneca and Autolus Therapeutics.

All-oral treatment is reshaping frontline care for older or intensive chemotherapy–ineligible patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. In this session, Dr. Gail Roboz will examine results from ASCERTAIN-V, which established oral decitabine/cedazuridine plus venetoclax as an effective frontline option, with meaningful remission and survival outcomes. The discussion will address patient selection, treatment adherence, drug interactions, early bone marrow assessment, and management of myelosuppression and infectious complications. Emerging all-oral precision triplets incorporating menin inhibitors will also be explored. Attendees will gain a practical perspective on which patients are ready for all-oral therapy and the evidence still needed to expand its use.

This session explores the evolving decision-making landscape in post-remission acute myeloid leukemia (AML), focusing on the critical question of whether to proceed with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Dr. Pinkal Desai will examine contemporary risk stratification strategies integrating measurable residual disease (MRD), genomic profiling, and patient-specific factors to refine transplant candidacy. Recent data from major hematology meetings highlighting the prognostic impact of MRD status, the role of novel maintenance therapies (including FLT3 and IDH inhibitors), and outcomes with reduced-intensity conditioning will be discussed. The session will also address emerging approaches for older or unfit patients and the influence of targeted therapies on delaying or obviating transplant. Through case-based discussion, participants will gain practical insights into balancing relapse risk, treatment-related morbidity, and patient preferences in complex clinical scenarios.

This session explores the evolving role of measurable residual disease (MRD) in the management of acute leukemias, with emphasis on how MRD data can be integrated into real-world clinical decision-making. Dr. Madhu Ouseph will review advances in MRD detection technologies, including next-generation sequencing and multiparameter flow cytometry, and their prognostic and predictive value across AML and ALL. Key data from recent hematology meetings will highlight MRD-guided risk stratification, the role of MRD in informing transplant decisions, and its emerging use as a surrogate endpoint in clinical trials. The session will also address practical challenges, including assay standardization, timing of assessment, and interpretation of low-level positivity.

Supported by educational grants from Kura Oncology, Inc. and Syndax Pharmaceuticals.

Title: "High-Confidence Discordance Among Large Language Models in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Gray-Zone Decision-Making"
Authors: Diksha Sanjana Pasnoor, MBBS; Yan Leyfman, MD; Noam Levi, BS; Tuba Basit, MBBS; Ayesha Junaid, MBBS; Ayanth Theyver; Havish Thatavarthi; Shivani Shukla, MD; Vraj Rangrej, MBBS; Soumiya Nadar, MD; Adeena Musheer, MBBS; Zara Baloch, MBBS; Helena Sanchez Coloma; Harshal Chorya, MBBS; Connor Yost, DO; Muhammad Salman Faisal, MD; Arturo Loaiza-Bonilla, MD; Yazan Migdady, MD, MSc; Chandler Park, MD

This session focuses on optimizing treatment strategies in myelofibrosis, emphasizing practical decision-making on when to adjust therapy, switch agents, or continue observation. Dr. John Mascarenhas will explore emerging data shaping current practice, including the evolving role of JAK inhibitors beyond ruxolitinib, management of suboptimal response, and approaches to treatment-related cytopenias. Recent advances from major hematology meetings highlight novel mechanism based agents and combination strategies aimed at deepening spleen response, improving symptom control and ultimately modifying disease course. The discussion will also address molecular risk stratification, timing of therapeutic transitions, and integration of transplant considerations.

Supported by an educational grant from PharmaEssentia USA Corporation.

This CME session, led by Dr. Jason Gotlib, will explore emerging advances that are reshaping the diagnosis and management of both non-advanced and advanced forms of systemic mastocytosis (SM). He will review recent breakthroughs highlight the expanding role of highly sensitive molecular diagnostics such as digital droplet PCR to detect the canonical KIT D816V mutation as well as next generation sequencing to identify somatic mutations that refine disease classification and prognostication. The session will also examine updated WHO and ICC criteria, emphasizing earlier and more accurate identification of SM subtypes. Novel targeted therapies, including next-generation KIT inhibitors, ​have demonstrated improved response rates and durable disease control, signaling a shift toward precision medicine. Key discussions will focus on individualized treatment strategies, management of treatment-related toxicities, and integrating new agents into evolving care algorithms to optimize patient outcomes.

This session focuses on improving recognition and management of VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome, a recently characterized disorder driven by somatic UBA1 mutations. Dr. David Beck will review key clinical clues, including refractory cytopenias, systemic inflammation, chondritis, and thromboembolic events, that often lead to delayed or missed diagnosis. Emphasis will be placed on integrating genomic testing into diagnostic workflows and distinguishing VEXAS from mimicking rheumatologic and hematologic conditions. Emerging data from recent hematology meetings highlighting genotype–phenotype correlations, clonal evolution, and associations with myelodysplastic syndromes will be discussed. The session will also explore evolving management strategies, including targeted immunosuppression, hypomethylating agents, and the role of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in select patients.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) remains a life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome that is frequently underrecognized due to its clinical overlap with sepsis and malignancy-associated complications. This session, led by Dr. Justin Kaner, will explore strategies for early identification of HLH across diverse practice settings, emphasizing practical diagnostic frameworks and timely intervention. Key highlights include updates on the evolving role of biomarkers such as ferritin kinetics, soluble IL-2 receptor levels, and emerging genomic insights in secondary HLH. Recent data from hematology conferences will inform discussion on risk-adapted treatment approaches, including incorporation of targeted therapies such as JAK inhibitors and IFN-γ blockade.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming lymphoma pathology, offering new opportunities to enhance diagnostic accuracy, efficiency, and reproducibility. Recent advances presented at major hematology and oncology meetings highlight the integration of machine learning with digital pathology to improve classification of lymphoma subtypes, particularly in challenging or ambiguous cases. Deep learning algorithms can augment morphologic assessment, quantify tumor microenvironment features, and support biomarker identification, including immunophenotypic and molecular correlates. Emerging data also demonstrate AI’s role in predicting prognosis and therapeutic response through multi-omic data integration. Additionally, AI-enabled workflows may reduce interobserver variability and streamline pathology operations. Key discussions will address validation, regulatory considerations, and real-world implementation, as well as the evolving collaboration between pathologists and AI tools in precision lymphoma diagnosis.

This talk will explore emerging strategies to optimize cellular and immune-based therapies across hematologic malignancies. Dr. Wendy Beguelin will examine the mechanistic underpinnings of CAR T-cell and bispecific antibody therapies, resistance pathways, toxicity management, and novel engineering approaches designed to improve durability, precision, and patient outcomes. Through evidence-based discussions and translational insights, participants will gain practical knowledge to inform treatment selection and integration of next-generation immunotherapies into clinical practice.

Supported by an educational grant from Bristol-Myers Squibb.

The treatment landscape for aggressive B-cell lymphomas is rapidly evolving beyond the longstanding R-CHOP paradigm. Recent data f have established polatuzumab vedotin plus R-CHP as a frontline standard for selected high-risk patients, while novel immunotherapy-based combinations such as tafasitamab/lenalidomide plus R-CHOP and epcoritamab plus R-CHOP are demonstrating encouraging efficacy in earlier treatment settings. In relapsed or refractory disease, CAR T-cell therapy continues to redefine second-line management, and CD20×CD3 bispecific antibodies are expanding effective off-the-shelf treatment options. This session , led by Dr. Sarah Rutherford, will review the latest evidence, emerging standards of care, and practical strategies for integrating these advances into contemporary clinical practice.

Supported by an educational grant from ADC Therapeutics America, Inc. and AstraZeneca.

Title: "Individualized PEAM Conditioning for Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Relapsed Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma With Severe Drug-Induced Liver Injury"
Authors: Gilberto Israel Barranco-Lampón, MD; Karla Alexandra Sanchez-Hernandez, MD; Juan Francisco Zazueta-Pozos, MD

Award Talk: Advancing Toward Cure in Follicular Lymphoma: Novel Therapies and Long-Term Outcomes Follicular lymphoma management is rapidly evolving as novel immunotherapies deliver unprecedented response durability and improved outcomes across multiple treatment settings. In this CME activity, Dr. Thomas Witzig examines emerging evidence supporting a shift toward cure-oriented treatment strategies, including long-term follow-up demonstrating sustained remissions with CAR T-cell therapy beyond 5 years, with newer cellular and immune-based approaches, and significant progression-free survival improvements with bispecific antibody-based combinations. The session will also explore outcomes in high-risk populations, including POD24 disease, evolving treatment sequencing paradigms, and the implications of long-term efficacy and safety data for clinical practice.

Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) is undergoing a rapid therapeutic evolution driven by emerging biologic insights and novel immunotherapeutic strategies. In this session, Dr. Juan P. Alderuccio will discuss the expanding role of BTK inhibition, including long-term outcomes with zanubrutinib, the emergence of CAR T-cell therapy with lisocabtagene maraleucel, and investigational bispecific antibody -based combinations and antibody drug conjugates. Attendees will examine evolving treatment sequencing paradigms, novel frontline and relapsed/refractory treatment approaches, and subtype-specific management considerations across extranodal, nodal, and splenic MZL. The activity will focus on translating contemporary evidence into individualized treatment strategies that optimize outcomes for patients with MZL.

Supported by an educational grant from BeOne.

The frontline treatment landscape for classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is undergoing a significant transformation with the integration of PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors into curative-intent therapy. Emerging data have demonstrated improved progression-free survival and favorable tolerability with nivolumab-based regimens, raising important questions regarding the role of universal versus selective checkpoint inhibition across disease stages and patient populations. This session, by Dr. Catherine Diefenbach, will examine the latest evidence supporting PD-1–based approaches in advanced-stage cHL, the evolving role of PET-adapted treatment strategies in early-stage disease, and ongoing efforts to reduce chemotherapy- and radiation-related toxicity. Attendees will gain practical insights into patient selection, treatment sequencing, and the future direction of frontline cHL management.

The management of recurrent classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) has evolved substantially with the integration of checkpoint inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, and novel cellular therapies. In this session, Dr. Alison Moskowitz will examine contemporary treatment-selection strategies that balance efficacy, toxicity, and long-term outcomes across diverse relapse settings. Key topics include the use of PD-1–based salvage regimens, optimization of transplant eligibility and consolidation approaches, management of treatment-related toxicities, and therapeutic options for patients with disease refractory to brentuximab vedotin and checkpoint blockade. Emphasis will be placed on individualized sequencing strategies and evidence-based decision-making to improve outcomes while minimizing treatment burden.

Supported by an education grant from Secura Bio, Inc.

Recent advances in genomics, single-cell technologies, and immune profiling are transforming our understanding of multiple myeloma precursor states. Emerging data suggest that monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) comprise biologically distinct entities with variable malignant potential, driven by differences in genomic complexity, immune dysregulation, and bone marrow microenvironment remodeling. This session, presented by Dr. Francesco Maura, will review the latest evidence defining molecular and biological events associated with progression from MGUS to SMM and overt myeloma, including dynamic risk assessment models, immune and stromal biomarkers, and early-intervention strategies. Participants will gain insight into how these discoveries may refine risk stratification, patient monitoring, and future approaches to disease interception.

The treatment landscape of AL amyloidosis has evolved rapidly as advances in disease biology have translated into more effective, targeted therapeutic strategies. This session, led by Dr. Victor Jimenez Zepeda, will review the pathogenesis of AL amyloidosis, emphasizing the relationship between plasma cell clone biology, light-chain toxicity, and organ dysfunction. Faculty will discuss contemporary frontline approaches, including daratumumab-based regimens that have redefined standards of care, as well as emerging strategies for patients with advanced cardiac involvement. Recent data from pivotal clinical trials and major hematology meetings will be examined, including developments in anti-amyloid fibril therapies and novel immunotherapies such as BCMA-directed bispecific antibodies and CAR-T cell therapies. Practical implications for treatment selection, response assessment, and future directions in precision care will also be highlighted.

The management of high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is undergoing a paradigm shift from observation to early therapeutic intervention. This session will examine the evolving evidence supporting treatment initiation in high-risk SMM, highlighting the emergence of single-agent daratumumab as a lower-toxicity strategy to delay progression and preserve quality of life. In parallel, the rationale and clinical data supporting curative-intent approaches using intensive quadruplet regimens, MRD-driven treatment strategies, and novel immune-based therapies will be reviewed. Recent findings from pivotal clinical trials and major hematology meetings will be discussed, including advances in CAR-T cell and bispecific antibody therapy. Attendees will gain practical insights into patient selection, risk-adapted treatment decisions, and the ongoing debate between disease control and potential cure.

Precision medicine is reshaping the management of multiple myeloma by integrating genomic profiling, advanced disease monitoring, and biologic characterization across diverse disease states. This session will explore emerging genomic insights that distinguish indolent precursor conditions from high-risk disease, enabling more refined risk stratification and earlier intervention strategies. Dr. Bustoros will review evolving approaches to nonsecretory and oligosecretory myeloma, including the use of measurable residual disease assessment, advanced imaging, and mass spectrometry-based monitoring. The program will also examine the unique biology of extramedullary myeloma and its implications for treatment selection, highlighting recent data on immune-based therapies and dual-target approaches. Attendees will gain practical insights into applying precision diagnostics and genomics to optimize individualized care across the myeloma continuum.

Multiple myeloma is increasingly recognized as a complex neoplastic ecosystem in which malignant plasma cells interact dynamically with immune, stromal, vascular, and bone marrow microenvironmental networks that influence disease progression, therapeutic response, and resistance. This session will examine emerging insights from single-cell, spatial transcriptomic, and multi-omics studies that are reshaping our understanding of myeloma biology beyond tumor-intrinsic genetics. Faculty will review how immune dysfunction, spatially organized resistance mechanisms, and microenvironmental remodeling contribute to treatment outcomes, particularly in high-risk and extramedullary disease. Recent clinical and translational data evaluating immune-redirection strategies, dual-target therapies, and microenvironment-modulating approaches will be discussed. Attendees will gain practical perspectives on incorporating ecosystem-based concepts into risk assessment, therapeutic decision-making, and future precision myeloma care.

Minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment has emerged as one of the most powerful prognostic tools in multiple myeloma, yet its role in routine clinical decision-making remains an area of active debate. This session will critically evaluate the evidence supporting MRD as a surrogate for long-term outcomes and its growing use in clinical trials, regulatory endpoints, and risk stratification. Faculty will review recent data on MRD-guided treatment adaptation, maintenance discontinuation strategies, and the integration of advanced imaging and highly sensitive assays. Key controversies—including assay standardization, sustained MRD negativity, and application in high-risk disease and novel immunotherapies—will be explored. Attendees will gain practical insights into whether MRD is ready to guide everyday treatment decisions or remains primarily a research-driven metric.

Supported by an educational grant from Johnson & Johnson.

Title: Early, deep, and durable responses following a single infusion of CB-011 in high-risk relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients: A case series from the CaMMouflage trial
Authors: David Siegel, MD, PhD; Luciano Costa, MD, PhD; Chris Holland, MS; Eric W. Stawiski, PhD; Ashraf Garrett, PharmD; Wellington Mendes, MD; Binod Dhakal, MD, MS

Award Talk: The Evolution of Myeloma Therapeutics: Focus on Global Randomized Trials and New Drugs

Bispecific antibodies have rapidly transformed the treatment landscape of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma, while next-generation trispecific constructs are poised to further expand immune-based therapeutic options. This session will review the latest clinical advances in BCMA- and GPRC5D-directed bispecific therapies, including pivotal randomized trials that are moving these agents into earlier lines of treatment and demonstrating activity in high-risk populations such as extramedullary disease. Faculty will discuss emerging trispecific approaches designed to address antigen escape and enhance T-cell engagement. Practical considerations for everyday clinical practice—including patient selection, sequencing strategies, infection prevention, toxicity management, treatment logistics, and quality-of-life outcomes—will be emphasized. Attendees will gain evidence-based insights into integrating these novel immune therapies into contemporary myeloma care.

Patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have been exposed to proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies represent a growing population with complex therapeutic needs. This session will review the rapidly evolving treatment landscape in the post–triple-class era, highlighting emerging therapies that are redefining outcomes for heavily pretreated patients. Faculty will discuss recent clinical advances in BCMA- and GPRC5D-targeted immunotherapies, including bispecific antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and cellular therapies, as well as novel cereblon E3 ligase modulators (CELMoDs). Key data from pivotal global clinical trials and major hematology meetings will be examined, with a focus on treatment sequencing, patient selection, toxicity management, and strategies to optimize durable responses in contemporary myeloma.

The definition of high-risk multiple myeloma is evolving beyond traditional cytogenetic abnormalities to incorporate genomic profiling, measurable residual disease (MRD) assessment, and advanced imaging biomarkers that more accurately predict disease behavior and treatment outcomes. This session will review emerging approaches to risk stratification, including the role of genomic staging systems, dynamic MRD monitoring, and functional imaging in identifying patients at greatest risk for early relapse and treatment resistance. Dr. Paul Richardson will discuss contemporary treatment strategies for high-risk disease, highlighting data from recent clinical trials evaluating CD38-based quadruplet regimens, MRD-adapted approaches, bispecific antibodies, and CAR-T cell therapies. Attendees will gain practical insights into applying modern risk assessment tools and optimizing individualized treatment strategies to improve outcomes in this challenging patient population.

The management of older and frail patients with multiple myeloma requires a careful balance between maximizing disease control and minimizing treatment-related toxicity. This session will explore contemporary approaches to individualized therapy selection, emphasizing the growing role of frailty assessment in guiding treatment intensity beyond chronological age alone. Faculty will review recent clinical trial data evaluating frailty-adapted regimens, anti-CD38–based combinations, dexamethasone-sparing strategies, and dynamic treatment modification based on changing patient fitness. Key considerations surrounding quality of life, functional status, treatment discontinuation, and toxicity management will be discussed. Attendees will gain practical insights into optimizing outcomes while avoiding both overtreatment and undertreatment in this increasingly important patient population.

The emergence of cellular and T-cell–engaging therapies is transforming the treatment landscape for relapsed and refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), raising important questions about optimal patient selection and sequencing. This debate-style session will examine the evolving roles of CAR T-cell therapy and bispecific antibodies in the management of high-risk, heavily pretreated CLL. Faculty will review the latest clinical trial and real-world data, comparing efficacy, durability of response, toxicity profiles, logistical considerations, and quality-of-life implications associated with each approach. Key factors influencing treatment decisions—including disease biology, prior therapy exposure, comorbidities, treatment goals, and access considerations—will be discussed. Attendees will gain practical, evidence-based insights into selecting the most appropriate immune strategy for individual patients in an increasingly complex therapeutic landscape.

Richter transformation (RT) remains one of the most aggressive complications of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, with limited durable treatment options and historically poor outcomes. As the therapeutic landscape evolves, biologic therapies are emerging as promising strategies to improve outcomes beyond conventional chemoimmunotherapy. This session will examine the growing role of targeted and immune-based approaches in RT, including BTK inhibitor–based combinations, BCL2-directed therapies, bispecific antibodies, checkpoint inhibitor combinations, and emerging cellular therapies. Faculty will review recent clinical trial data and ongoing studies evaluating biologic agents in both newly diagnosed and relapsed RT. Through a debate-oriented discussion, attendees will gain practical insights into patient selection, treatment sequencing, and the potential of biologic therapies to redefine the management of this high-risk disease.

Supported by educational grants from AstraZeneca and BeOne.

The availability of highly effective targeted therapies has transformed the treatment paradigm for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), fueling an ongoing debate between fixed-duration and continuous treatment strategies. This session will examine the clinical evidence supporting each approach, including long-term outcomes from pivotal trials evaluating venetoclax-based fixed-duration regimens and continuous Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor therapy. Faculty will discuss key considerations influencing treatment selection, including efficacy, durability of response, measurable residual disease (MRD), toxicity profiles, quality of life, treatment-free intervals, and patient preferences. Emerging data on MRD-guided treatment duration, biologically tailored approaches, and next-generation combination strategies will also be reviewed. Attendees will gain practical insights into optimizing individualized treatment decisions and determining which strategy best aligns with patient goals and disease characteristics.

Resistance to Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors has emerged as a major clinical challenge in the management of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), driving the need for genomically informed treatment strategies. This session will explore the evolving molecular mechanisms underlying BTK inhibitor resistance, including BTK and PLCG2 mutations, clonal evolution, and emerging resistance pathways associated with both covalent and noncovalent BTK inhibitors. Faculty will review recent clinical trial data evaluating next-generation approaches, including noncovalent BTK inhibitors, BTK degraders, and rational combination regimens designed to overcome resistance and improve durability of response. The discussion will also address the role of genomic monitoring, measurable residual disease assessment, and personalized treatment sequencing. Attendees will gain practical insights into translating genomic discoveries into evidence-based therapeutic decision-making for patients with relapsed and refractory CLL.

Supported by an educational grant from Recordati Rare Diseases, Inc.

The emergence of BTK degraders and proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) represents a novel therapeutic strategy designed to overcome limitations of conventional BTK inhibition. Rather than inhibiting kinase activity alone, these agents harness the cell’s protein degradation machinery to selectively eliminate BTK, including mutant forms associated with resistance to both covalent and noncovalent BTK inhibitors. This session will review the biologic rationale underlying targeted protein degradation, the evolving clinical data for BTK degraders in relapsed and refractory B-cell malignancies, and the potential impact of this approach on treatment sequencing. Faculty will discuss emerging efficacy and safety data, resistance mechanisms, combination strategies, and future opportunities to integrate BTK degraders into precision treatment paradigms. Attendees will gain practical insights into the therapeutic promise of protein destruction as the next frontier in BTK-directed therapy.

The therapeutic landscape of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) continues to evolve with advances in molecular profiling, targeted therapies, and novel treatment combinations that are reshaping clinical practice. This session will review the practical implications of MYD88 and CXCR4 mutational status for prognosis, treatment selection, and response prediction. Faculty will discuss contemporary use of BTK inhibitors, emerging data on noncovalent BTK inhibition, and the growing role of fixed-duration, chemotherapy-free combination strategies. Novel therapeutic approaches, including BTK degraders, antibody-drug conjugates, and other investigational agents, will also be highlighted. Through a review of recent clinical trial results and major hematology meeting updates, attendees will gain evidence-based insights into optimizing treatment sequencing and individualized care for patients with WM.