Hair loss is one of the most common reasons patients seek dermatologic care, with significant psychosocial impact. Advances in molecular biology and immunology have revealed that hair follicles are dynamic mini organs with immune, hormonal, and regenerative functions.¹ Recent studies highlight the role of inflammation, hormonal signaling, and immune privilege disruption in the pathogenesis of alopecia. This article reviews the biology of hair growth, major causes of hair loss, and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatments. 

Pruritus, or chronic itch, remains one of the most distressing and quality-of-life impairing symptoms in dermatology. Over the past decade, understanding of the neuroimmune mechanisms driving itch has advanced dramatically, leading to the emergence of biologics and small molecules that target its molecular pathways. This review summarizes current and investigational therapies for atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis, and chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU)—3 major pruritic dermatoses—while addressing real-world challenges in dermatologic practice.